Certified Human Resource Professional (CHRP) Practice Exam

Which of the following describes a negative effect that goes against desired conditions in a selection process?

1. Adverse impact

2. Selection bias

3. Discrimination

4. Positive bias

The correct answer is: Adverse impact

Adverse impact refers to a situation in a selection process where a neutral employment practice disproportionately affects a group of individuals based on protected characteristics, such as race, gender, or age, resulting in fewer opportunities for that group compared to others. This occurrence goes against the principles of fairness and equal opportunity in hiring practices. In the context of a selection process, adverse impact is undesirable because it can lead to legal and ethical challenges for an organization, undermining its commitment to diversity and inclusion. Understanding adverse impact is critical for HR professionals to ensure that the selection methods they employ do not unintentionally discriminate against certain groups, thereby promoting a more equitable workplace. This concept distinguishes itself from selection bias, which typically involves a systematic error in the selection process that favors one group over another, or discrimination, which involves intentional acts of bias. Positive bias, on the other hand, relates to preferential treatment that can sometimes overshadow genuine qualifications. Hence, adverse impact distinctly characterizes a negative effect on the integrity of the selection process.